The reason athlete keep doping is that the cost of getting caught is less than the rewards gained by increased performance. No testing regime will ever be perfect, so the only way to really discourage people is to make the penalties so extreme that getting caught is a really scary prospect. I guarantee you'd see a hue decrease in PED use if getting popped voided your professional record, hit you with big chunk of your previous purses in fines, and got you a lifetime ban from future competition.
Failing something like that, it's all a farce. Personally, I think they should go the other way and provide high-quality medical supervision of everyone's steroid, TRT, and HGH prescriptions.