Bloat/tech/process debt is kicking Ford in the nuts. One of their former engineers said it was a problem, because Ford outsources much of their design and software work, and they take what the suppliers give them. For instance, he said they have several suppliers for seats, and each of these suppliers have their own software stacks that have to be integrated into their whole system. Within that, they have versions that are constantly changing and being deprecated. This is 1990's era level software development.
And then there is Toyota, who develops a standard to which their suppliers must adhere to. Design It Our Way or Get Fucking Lost. Further, Toyota rarely makes incremental changes to their hardware or software over the lifespan of the product. For instance, their previous gen Tundra 2007-2021 had a long standing issue with some of their rubber sealant plugs for heads in their V-8 engines. Did they change the process? The fuck no they didn't. They knew they got it 99.9% right, and going after that tiny leftover % would have cost them more grief than it was worth. This is how they operate. They move slowly and resist change as a core tenet of their business model. OTOH, ALL the other car manufacturers have gotten themselves well and truly fucked with EV's, but not Toyota.
Tesla is another example of different viewpoints on how to do things. They are constantly iterating on all their designs and software. The Tesla Model S debuted in 2012. The 2026 model looks the same, but it is a fundamentally different animal under the skin. They can do this because they have primacy over the entire supplier chain, and they are constantly chasing more efficient ways to make things. Musk has also taken this approach to SpaceX. Their giant engines only 2 generations apart are completely different and cheaper and simpler to build with each new generation.
Speaking of bloat and the other things you mentioned, at one point 10 years ago, Toyota had over 600 different engine/transmission combinations globally. They have dispensed with most of them, and have moved to global platforms and processes that has obliterated the cost of bloat. Most of their current gen vehicles are the same globally, right down to paint options. The side the steering wheel is different, but everything else is the same. Hell, even their engine production plants are identical on a global scale....to such a point that a machining fuck up in Japan is reproduced globally.