I've had almost the exact same conversation. I remember talking about "bullshit jobs" with a Sr. Director of Operations at Walmart 6 or so years ago, and the F/A-18 example hits perfectly. When your org is stacked with engineers, mathematicians, and systems people, you can at least imagine retooling the whole machine into something productive. Space exploration, defense R&D, infrastructure, whatever. It's a fringe case, but the talent is aligned with missions that actually build something.
But like you said… what do you do with the sectors where the bloat isn't technically skilled people? What's the productive redeployment path for healthcare billing administrators, university bureaucrats, DEI coordinators, HR armies, compliance layers, and the whole metastasized ecosystem of middlemen that exists because paperwork now has paperwork? You can't exactly pivot fifty thousand redundant hospital administrators into orbital mechanics.
And that's the core problem: HR-style roles multiply infinitely because they have no natural ceiling. There's always a new workflow to oversee, a new process to "own," a new form to manage, a new reporting structure to justify another layer of oversight. It's organizational mitosis. Cells just keep dividing because that's what they do.
It's pretty easy to imagine transforming a room full of aerospace engineers into a Mars program. It's a lot harder to imagine transforming a room full of university assistant-to-associate-deputy-vice-coordinators into anything that produces measurable output.
Ideally, we can find something more productive than infinite HR jobs. But the real issue is that we built whole sectors where the work exists purely because the system created the need for itself. Then there's the fact that technology simply eliminated the real "need" for millions of these types of jobs. And unwinding that without detonating the labor market is the part nobody wants to talk about. But that unwinding is coming in the form of "AI". And now what do you do with a labor market where you have 10+% unemployment and literally no jobs for those people to fill? Should be spicy.