Gap in Life Expectancy Between Rural and Urban Residents Is Growing | Center for Advancing Health
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Granted, that's rural vs. urban. Couldn't really find anything about urban vs. suburban.
As far as the choice between living urban, suburban or rural in North America, there's tons of trade-offs regardless of which you choose. You might be able to afford a bigger house or apartment outside of a city center, but the flip side to that is spending a lot more time commuting to/from work, getting less exercise due to car dependency vs. being able to walk/bike, being more removed from cultural amenities like museums, art galleries, concert venues, restaurants, bars, and so on.
And then there's the entire issue of the environmental consequences of suburban and rural living. People who live in dense urban centers use far, far less of the Earth's resources than those living in far flung suburbs, whether you're looking at water or land use, GHG emissions, or other natural resources.